ASPE Reports
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ASPE Issue Brief
Changes in the List Prices of Prescription Drugs, 2017-2023
Drug manufacturers may change the list prices of their drugs at any time after launch. Over the period from January 2022 to January 2023, more than 4,200 drug products had price increases, of which 46 percent were larger than the rate of inflation. The average drug price increase over the course of the period was 15.2 percent, which translates to $590 per drug product.Key Points
Report
Surging the Public Health Workforce: Lessons Learned from the COVID-19 Response at State, Tribal, Local, and Territorial Public Health Agencies
The Office of the Assistant Secretary for Planning and Evaluation (ASPE) released a report summarizing lessons learned from surging the governmental public health workforce at state, tribal, local, and territorial (STLT) public health agencies during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Report
Trustworthy Artificial Intelligence (TAI) for Patient-Centered Outcomes Research (PCOR)
The rise of artificial intelligence (AI) in health care and health care research has stimulated discussion on the application of trustworthy principles for AI. This report summarizes 15 considerations and 14 opportunities for the implementation of HHS’s trustworthy AI principles in patient-centered outcomes research projects that incorporate AI technology.
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Fact Sheet
Inflation Reduction Act Research Series: Projected Impacts for Asian, Black, and Latino Medicare Enrollees
The Inflation Reduction Act (IRA) is helping people with Medicare afford their medications, including the 2.1 million Asian, 5.8 million Black, and 5.3 million Latino Part D enrollees. These fact sheets review existing research to present the projected impacts of key IRA Medicare drug-related provisions for these populations.
Case StudyReport
Understanding the Impacts of OS-PCORTF Projects on Data Capacity: An Interim Qualitative Assessment
This report presents findings from an interim qualitative assessment that examined the ways in which OS-PCORTF projects collectively advanced the ability of researchers to conduct patient-centered outcomes research (PCOR) by (1) improving the quality of data; (2) providing more relevant, comprehensive data; (3) enhancing analytical resources; and (4) reducing barriers to data access and use.…
ASPE Issue Brief
Medicaid HCBS State Policy Flexibilities During COVID
During the COVID-19 public health emergency, states used Appendix K, a standalone appendix available during emergency situations, to modify their existing Medicaid HCBS 1915(c) waiver programs. Using Appendix K, states can make to make temporary changes to access and eligibility, payment, services, and other aspects of their waiver programs. This study reviewed and summarized modifications states…
Report
FY 2023 HHS Capacity Assessment Update
The Foundations for Evidenced-Based Policymaking Act of 2018 (Evidence Act) provided an important opportunity to Federal Agencies to assess and improve, where needed, their evaluation and other evidence building activities.
Report
Interventions to Prevent Older Adult Suicide: Final Report
Despite the increasing evidence of high suicide rates and associated risk factors for older adults in the United States, the number of programs addressing these risk factors remains limited. In this project, researchers performed an environmental scan and convened a technical expert panel to identify existing and effective suicide prevention interventions, how these interventions can be expanded…
ASPE Issue Brief
Understanding Markets for Antimicrobial Drugs
Development of novel antimicrobials has slowed, and the preclinical and clinical pipeline is likely to be insufficient to support current and future patient needs. Despite existing incentives, market challenges limit the revenues that novel antimicrobial drug sponsors can receive, leading smaller developers to struggle financially and larger companies to divest from antimicrobial research and…
Report
Emergency Department Interventions for Opioid Use Disorder
Emergency departments (EDs) are key partners in filling the gap between people who need opioid use disorder (OUD) treatment and people who ultimately receive it. EDs are uniquely situated to interact with individuals who have experienced an opioid overdose or otherwise have limited interactions with the healthcare system, presenting an opportunity for EDs to serve as an entry point into treatment.
Fact SheetReport
Inflation Reduction Act Research Series: Understanding Development and Trends in Utilization and Spending for Drugs Selected Under the Medicare Drug Price Negotiation Program
The Inflation Reduction Act (IRA) authorizes the Secretary of the Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) to negotiate prices directly with participating manufacturers for selected drugs that are high expenditure, single source drugs without generic or biosimilar competition. Negotiations with participating manufacturers for the first group of selected drugs begin in 2023, with negotiated…
Report
Analysis of Market Challenges for Antimicrobial Drug Development in the United States
The market for antimicrobial (AM) drugs is unique in that it is associated with a positive externality (public health) as well as a negative externality (antimicrobial resistance, or AMR) (Mossialos, et al., 2010). AMR occurs when microbes change over time and no longer respond to available medicine. There are several strategies for combatting AMR, including infection control and prevention,…
Report
Antimicrobial Drugs - Burden of Antimicrobial Resistance
It is well known that antimicrobial resistance (AMR) creates a substantial and ongoing public health and economic burden and understanding the size and nature of this burden is important for the ability to respond to the threat of AMR. However, estimating or projecting that burden within the U.S. is a difficult task that prompts a variety of assumptions and produces conflicting results, making it…
Report
Antimicrobial Drugs - Market Returns Analysis
In 2017, at least 2.8 million people in the U.S. acquired serious infections with bacteria that are resistant to one or more antimicrobial drugs and 35,000 have died as a result. Resistance to antimicrobials is viewed as a global threat with antimicrobial drug use in human and animal health driving resistance.
Report
The Inflation Reduction Act of 2022: One Year Anniversary Highlights from ASPE Drug Pricing Reports
Introduction
ASPE Issue Brief
Caregivers and Long-Term Services and Supports
As the United States population ages, a larger proportion of individuals will likely need and use long-term services and supports (LTSS). Much of this support is provided by informal (i.e., unpaid) caregivers. For those that need paid LTSS, most Americans pay out-of-pocket. Some may do so until their personal resources are exhausted, and then rely on the Medicaid safety net. Reliance on Medicaid…
Report
Assessing Outcomes Relevant for Patient-Centered Outcomes Research Among Adults Aged 18–64 with Disabilities and Federal Data Infrastructure Opportunities
This report and dataset inventory identifies individual-level measures for conducting patient-centered outcomes research (PCOR) relevant to adults with disabilities, aged 18–64 years. The work identifies six broad outcome domains relevant to PCOR for this population from prior research, including: (1) social and community engagement; (2) choice and control; (3) employment and self-sufficiency; (4…
ASPE Issue Brief
Helping People with Low Incomes Navigate Benefit Cliffs: Lessons Learned Deploying a Marginal Tax Rate Calculator
This project developed a calculator to help people anticipate how a change in earnings from employment would affect their net income, and in so doing, provide public benefit recipients with their estimated effective marginal tax rate on new earnings.
Key Points:
Ownership of Hospitals: An Analysis of Newly-Released Federal Data & A Method for Assessing Common Owners
To enhance transparency in health care markets, in December 2022, the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) publicly released comprehensive data on the ownership of all U.S. hospitals that are enrolled in Medicare. This report provides an overview of the available data, a methodology for assigning hospitals to chains, and several preliminary analyses to showcase the data. Nearly half…
National Uninsured Rate Reaches an All-Time Low in Early 2023
This Data Point examines new National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) data to assess recent changes in health coverage for the population. The most recent data finds that the national uninsured rate for all ages declined 1.9% from 2019 to 2022, with early 2023 data showing even greater decreases reaching an all-time low national uninsured rate of 7.7%. This reduction in the uninsured rate reflects…